Fork

Fork in the context of blockchain refers to two main uses: changes made to the blockchain protocol and the division of the blockchain itself into two separate paths, known as Hard Fork and Soft Fork.
Changes to the blockchain protocol:
Fork can refer to the introduction of changes to the blockchain protocol, which are usually the result of a software update. These changes can include security fixes, feature enhancements or new functions. In the case of this type of fork, the blockchain community must agree to a new version of the software in order to use the new features. The changes made as a result of such a fork are usually compatible with previous versions and do not lead to a split into two separate blockchains.
Hard Fork:
Hard Fork is a situation in which there is a fundamental inconsistency in the blockchain protocol, leading to a split of the network into two separate branches. After a Hard Fork, the two disparate versions of the blockchain function independently, with different transaction histories since the split. Network participants must decide which version they want to support. An example of Hard Fork is the split of the Bitcoin blockchain into Bitcoin and Bitcoin Cash.
Soft Fork:
Unlike Hard Fork, Soft Fork is more reversible and does not lead to a split into two separate branches. In this case, the protocol changes are backward compatible with earlier versions. The old software is still compatible with the new, but the new software may include additional features. Soft Fork is usually less controversial because it does not require the unanimity of the entire network to accept the change.
Forks are a natural part of blockchain development. However, their introduction requires careful planning and communication to avoid community rifts and to maintain network stability and security. Decisions on forks are usually made by blockchain developers, developers and the user community to further improve the protocol and adapt it to changing needs and requirements.